Infusion sets

Infusion sets are critical components of infusion therapy, delivering fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a patient's bloodstream. They consist of several key parts, each serving a specific function. Here’s a breakdown of the different components:

1. Spike (with or without Vent)
Function: Pierces the IV fluid container (bag or bottle) to allow fluid flow.

Vented Spike: Used for rigid bottles to allow air entry, preventing vacuum formation.

Non-Vented Spike: Used for flexible bags (no air needed).

2. Drip Chamber
Function:

Allows visualization of flow rate (drops per minute).

Filters out large particles and prevents air bubbles from entering the tubing.

3. Flow Regulator (Roller Clamp or Slide Clamp)
Function: Controls the rate of fluid infusion by compressing the tubing.

4. Tubing
Function: Transports fluid from the container to the patient.

Types:

Primary Tubing: Standard, used for most infusions.

Secondary Tubing (Piggyback): Used for intermittent medication infusion alongside primary fluids.

Extension Tubing: Adds length for patient mobility.

5. Injection Port (Y-Site or Needleless Port)
Function: Allows administration of additional medications without disconnecting the IV line.

Types:

Luer-Lock: Secure, screw-on connection.

Luer-Slip: Friction-fit connection.

6. Connector (Luer Adapter)
Function: Attaches the infusion set to the catheter or needle.

Types:

Male Luer-Lock: Screws into place.

Female Luer-Lock: Receives the male connector.

7. Needle or Catheter Hub
Function: Connects to the patient's IV catheter for fluid delivery.

8. Backcheck Valve (in Some Sets)
Function: Prevents backflow of fluid when using secondary infusion sets.

9. Filters (Optional)
Function: Removes particulate matter, bacteria, or air bubbles.

Types:

0.2–1.2 Micron Filters: For drug solutions.

Macro-Drip (10–20 Drops/mL): For general fluids.

Micro-Drip (60 Drops/mL): For precise pediatric or critical care.

Types of Infusion Sets Based on Design:
Primary Infusion Set – Standard set for continuous fluids.

Secondary (Piggyback) Set – For intermittent medication infusion.

Extension Set – Adds length for patient movement.

Volume Control Set – For small, precise fluid delivery (e.g., pediatrics).

Blood Transfusion Set – Includes a larger filter for blood products.